Forms of deception
Deception begins with a stimulus, passes through a point of orientational extinction, and manifests itself in activation of the autonomic nervous system.
Our speech is a channel that informs us so that we can make a reliable conclusion about the falsity or truthfulness of our opponent’s words. A liar can control facial expression, but not speech.
There are main forms of lies:
- Silence (hiding)
- Distortion (misinformation)
Omission is when a liar hides true information but does not report false information.
For example:
- The doctor does not tell you that the disease is fatal.
- You are not warned that the conversation is being recorded.
Distortion is the communication of deliberately false information. In more detail, we propose to consider the form of lie “Distortion”.
Distortion typically manifests itself frequently in several speech patterns:
- Reasoned excuses. A liar not only lies, he burdens his words with additional arguments. For example: “I am not a thief! I am an honest person! “
- Emphasis - a person tries to impose his point of view as the only correct one. For example: “What can I tell you.”
- Presenting truth in the form of lies. For example: “Did you take money from my wallet?” “Yes, of course, I took it and even spent it.”
- Concealing the true cause of experienced emotions . For example: a friend was expecting a new iPhone for her birthday, but she was given a book. Of course, she was upset, but, not wanting to offend her beloved, she didn’t tell him anything. He noticed and asked why she was so sad and if she liked the gift. The friend replied that she liked everything, she just remembered the unpleasant situation and was saddened.
- Taking the oath. Why swear to something you are confident and relatively calm about? For example: “It’s not me, I swear to my mother!”
- Half-truth. Most difficult to identify. The man has thought out his story well and weaves elements of truth into untruth. This form is most often found in interviews. For example: “My name is John Smith.”
Don't you like it when people bully you? It's time to learn about methods of exposing liars.
Still from the film “The Day the Earth Stood Still”
All people lie. Some more often, some less often, and even the most honest person can involuntarily lie without noticing it. This feature of human nature forces us to be on guard and check almost any information. Even the most reliable one. But most of all, we lack the skill of understanding that they are lying to you right during a conversation.
Therefore, to make it difficult to deceive you, we have prepared the main tips and life hacks, based on which you can easily spot a liar.
Deception Strategies
There are several lying strategies:
- Negation. “You insult me with this question, it’s unpleasant for me. I won’t talk to you.”
- Neutralization . “Okay, that’s it, you figured me out (I’ll pretend to be a tree, but I won’t tell the truth).
- Legend. A story worked out to the smallest detail.
- Approximation. A person complements or creates a legend in the process of a situation that has arisen, relying, among other things, on the behavioral reactions of others.
- Chatting. You started the conversation with a specific question, and the person responds by dumping a lot of unnecessary information. He actively gestures and words fly out like from a machine gun. The goal is to chatter and not let you ask the right question.
Reasons for deception
- One of the main reasons for lying is fear of punishment . Why admit that I did it if it gets in my way? Therefore, the first lie is silence. And then tears, excuses or denial of the obvious appear. They lie when they are afraid - that is, in essence, the instinct of self-preservation is triggered. A person grows up, but continues to be afraid of his mother. It’s not safe to be yourself, because you need to meet your parents’ expectations. If you can’t refuse the soup outright, then you can say that it’s too salty (what if it gives you a ride), that your stomach hurts, or pour it down the toilet.
- If there are a lot of prohibitions and you can’t do what you want all the time without explanation, then deception becomes an excellent way out.
- Another reason for lying is the desire to achieve love and praise. First from parents, classmates, teachers, and then in adult life. When they demand too much or it is difficult to compete with those who are more successful and who have more toys (and now about adults too - their toys are larger in size and cost more).
- When you can't tell the truth. It’s impossible not to love your grandmother or brother. That's all, it's not allowed. And in general you need to be well-mannered and polite.
- The desire to assert oneself and create an image is for children from about 6 years old until adulthood. When a person wants to appear better than he really is, attributing to himself non-existent qualities, material wealth, etc. This is a problem with self-esteem and we need to work with it.
- Obtaining benefits - this includes fraud and flattery.
- Lying out of pity - for example, when a friend was dumped by a guy, and she sits all in tears, with a swollen nose and smeared mascara, and we convince her that she is the world's first beauty and smart girl, because we feel very sorry for her at that moment .
Statuses about false love
A new issue with the title: Statuses about false love, and the first in line will be - There is nothing a person can manage to a greater extent than time. Ludwig Feuerbach
Society goes back to barbarism when military craft becomes the main one. Author unknown
The one who has fallen out of love is usually his own fault for not noticing it in time. Francois VI de La Rochefoucauld
There is no enmity more vicious than that which love generates. Propertius
There is sun in every person. Just let it shine!
You can neither win nor lose until you race. David Bowie
When a man in a robe and cap speaks, all nonsense becomes learning, and all stupidity becomes intelligent speech. Jean Baptiste Moliere
Know how to close an uninteresting book in time, not watch a boring movie, and leave people who don’t care about you.
Labor entertains the mind.
Love and passion are different things. Love is a gentle creature that often gives up without achieving reciprocity, and passion is a withering force that burns all obstacles in its path.
Surgery takes the basic imperative of the medical profession to the very extreme, where the human comes into contact with the divine. If you hit someone hard in the head with a club, they will collapse and die forever. But one day he would have given up the ghost anyway. Such a murder is only slightly ahead of what God himself would have done a little later. The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera
In the edifice of human happiness, friendship builds the walls, and love forms the dome. Kozma Prutkov
Smile because life is a beautiful thing and there are many reasons to smile. Marilyn Monroe
Can peace and love coexist in one heart? Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais
I had no working days or rest days. I just did it and will enjoy it. Thomas Edison
Love conquers deceptively With a simple, unskillful tune Anna Andreevna Akhmatova
Many are friends for food, not friendship. Menander
He who wants to acquire love must reject every evil and unpeaceful thought, not to mention deeds and words, and must forgive everyone fair and unjust insults.
Respect was invented in order to hide empty space. Where should love be? Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina
Dying for love is not difficult. It's hard to find a love worth dying for. Frederic Beigbeder "Ideal"
If a man is smart, sooner or later he will get rich, but once he gets rich, he will become stupid - not he, but his wife. Finlay Dunn
Not a single demon, not a single evil soul is capable of resisting such a powerful force as love... Phyllis Cast. Goddess by mistake
If the goal is legal, the means are also legal.
In love there is despotism and slavery. And the most despotic is female love, which demands everything for itself! Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev
In married life, the married couple must form, as it were, a single moral personality. Immanuel Kant
Everyone loves himself not in order to receive any reward for his love, but because everyone is dear to himself. If we do not apply the same to friendship, then we will never find a true friend; after all, a friend for everyone is a second person. Cicero Marcus Tullius
The process of human life consists of passing through different ages. But at the same time, all ages of a person exist side by side. Karl Heinrich Marx
Only those who love weakly know how to interpret their love. Francesco Petrarca
True love shows itself in misfortune. Like a light, it shines brighter the darker the darkness of the night. Leonardo da Vinci
Love should soar, not crawl in the mud.
It is not enough to succeed on your own. It is necessary for others to fail. Gore Vidal
Love is the occupation of the idle person and the leisure of the busy. E. Bulwer.
There is no need to indiscriminately believe the conversation you hear. Hans Sachs
Nothing so strictly kills a woman’s love as the meanness and dishonesty of a man. Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Every third person on the planet suffers from some form of mental illness. Think about your two best friends. If they are ok, then it must be you. George Carlin
My dear, good, beloved, dear! You are the light in my window, you are my love!
Labor is often the father of pleasure. Voltaire
Love... Knowledge... It's the same thing. Albert Camus
He who doesn’t love anyone himself, it seems to me, no one loves him either. Democritus
True friendship must be frank and free from pretense and assent. Cicero Marcus Tullius
Never tell a woman that you are unworthy of her love; she knows it herself.
Intelligence is the ability to make clearer distinctions.
You need to praise your friend in public, but only scold her in private.
What's difficult? Calmly and with dignity bear the change for the worse. Biant
The greatest sensual pleasure, which does not contain any impurity or aversion, is, in a healthy state, rest after work. Kant I.
What a genius fears most is work - it turns him into talent. Georges Elgozy
I don't like to feel at home when I'm abroad. George Bernard Shaw
I know of nothing equal to the true friendship of an intelligent person—what a rare gem it is. Tobias George Smollett
Without knowing other languages, you will never understand the silence of foreigners. Stanislav Jerzy Lec
Anyone who has ever been in love is not devoid of imagination. V. Borisov
Soviet power is based on opportunistic elements who passionately cling to life and are ready to do anything. Andrey Platonovich Platonov
Love is not an object of feeling, it is an object of will. Bernhard Schlink "Return"
They envy the capable, harm the talented, and take revenge on the brilliant. Niccolo Paganini
Love and friendship are a mutual echo: they give as much as they take. Alexander Ivanovich Herzen
Love? What is love? Love prevents death. Love is life. Everything, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists only because I love. Everything is connected by one thing. Love is God, and to die means for me, a particle of love, to return to the common and eternal source. Leo Tolstoy, "War and Peace"
People cannot be alive forever, But happy is the one whose name will be remembered. Alisher Navoi
We have only one way to become happy - to make another person happy. Mikhail Weller
Do not insult another in a language that he does not know! This is sadism. Stanislav Jerzy Lec
Adversity is an opportune time for virtue. Lucius Annaeus Seneca
The relationship of true lovers is like agate - a beautiful and durable stone described in legends.
Take care of your friend to save yourself.
Man is raised for freedom. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
I hate both the restless wife and the insatiable husband, who loves to plow someone else’s arable land with his insatiable plow. Theognis
Let our highest goal be one thing: to speak as we feel, and to live as we speak. Seneca Lucius Annaeus the Younger
There is no place sweeter than home. Marcus Tullius Cicero
A true friend is known in misfortune. Aesop
The secret of genius is work, perseverance and common sense. Thomas Alva Edison
I'm not offended when they say that I'm a fool - I know that's not true.
Blind faith has evil eyes. Stanislav Jerzy Lec
Labor is love made visible. Kahlil Gibran Gibran
The extreme opposite of love is not separation, not jealousy, not oblivion, not self-interest, but quarrel. Lope de Vega
A best friend is like a husband, your only and beloved. This is the one with whom conversations do not get boring. This is the one whose pain is like your own. She is the one who can lift your spirits when you want to cry...
Be faithful to those who are faithful to you. Plautus
It is impossible for someone else to do the work and for you to reap the benefits. Reading books about someone's spiritual development will not give you insight into it. You must improve yourself. Dalai Lama
All fools are stubborn, and all stubborn people are stupid. Baltasar Gracian
Love of freedom is love of people; love of power is selfishness. William Hazlitt
Those entangled in love alternately sigh and rejoice. They rejoice because they are transported to something better. They sigh because they lose themselves, they lose and destroy. Marsilio Ficino (XV century)
Dreams come true, I fell in love with you so much!
Starting without fear is the same as winning.
Love is easy to experience, but difficult to maintain!
Live as if you would die tomorrow. Study as if you were living forever. Mahatma Gandhi
The cosmetics industry is the dirtiest business in the world. Elizabeth Arden, owner of a US cosmetics company
Tell everyone you're sick. Say you're broke. Say that you have lost interest in life. Look around - those people who are still close to you are your true friends!
The eyes of friendship are rarely wrong. Voltaire
A pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity; optimist - sees opportunity in any difficulty. Winston Churchill
Anyone who asks why we enjoy being with beautiful people is blind. Aristotle
I would like to be in a primitive society. You don’t need to think about money, about the army, about any titles or academic degrees. Only females, cattle and slaves are important.
As rare as true love is, true friendship is even rarer. Francois VI de La Rochefoucauld
The surest and perhaps the only way to become happy is to imagine yourself like that. Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky
Many people tend to exaggerate how others treat them - for some reason it seems to them that they evoke a complex range of likes and dislikes in everyone. Francis Scott Fitzgerald "Tender is the Night"
Well, our collection of Statuses about false love has come to an end, here is the farewell line. False friends, like shadows, follow on our heels while we walk in the sun, and immediately leave us as soon as we step into the shadows. Bovi P.
How to understand that a person is deceiving you?
First, talk to the person about loose topics that will relax him. Observe how he behaves in a normal situation. And then, having asked a direct question, carefully watch his facial expression, movements and manner of speech; if something has changed, most likely, you are being deceived.
Here are the main markers of lies:
- Voice and speech. If a person lies, his brain behaves in a special way; his voice begins to artificially change to a low or, conversely, high timbre. At the same time, his speech becomes fast and unrelated.
- Eyes. One of the simplest signs. When a person lies, he unconsciously averts his eyes or blinks frequently.
- Body. This is our main guide to the world of truth. If your interlocutor lied, his body will want to hide or hide, and if during the conversation your interlocutor deviated or took a step back, he is lying.
- Breath. Lying is stressful. After all, there is a risk that you will be discovered. And during times of stress, breathing becomes ragged.
These signs will help identify deception, but there is always some margin of error. There are professionals who can fool even a polygraph, and there are neurotics who, under stress, will fall under every point without cheating.
Learn to adequately accept lies in our world. It exists and will exist as long as man lives on the planet.
When is lying appropriate?
However, not everyone is afraid of the truth, although the majority prefers to hear flattery about themselves, indulge in fantasies, and nourish meaningless illusions. Often, accepting or not accepting the truth about your life depends on the situation. After all, a suddenly revealed deception can destroy a family, break the bond between parents and children, and damage people’s health.
“Better the bitter truth than a sweet lie,” says popular wisdom, which can also be used as a status about lies. However, it can be argued that the truth is not better than a lie in all cases. For example, if there is a question about preserving the health and life of a loved one, then the vast majority will agree that it is better to protect him from the “bitter truth.”
Interesting facts about lying
- Extroverts lie much more often than introverts;
- 60% of people lie during a 10-minute conversation;
- Women lie more often about everyday topics, and men lie about everything related to their personal lives.
- The average person hears lies from 10 to 200 times a day;
- During the first 10 minutes of a meeting, strangers lie to each other 3 times;
- Students lie to their mothers 20% of the time.
- Basically, only in 50% of cases a person is able to determine that he is being lied to.
