About the life, teachings and sayings of famous philosophers

Life [edit]

Chilo was the son of Damagetes and lived in the early 6th century BC. Herodotus [1] speaks of him as a contemporary of Hippocrates, the father of Peisistratus. Diogenes Laertius states that he was an old man at the 52nd Olympiad (572 BC) and that he was elected ephor (overseer) in Sparta at the 56th Olympiad (556/5 BC). ). Alcidamas states that he was a member of the Spartan assembly. [2] Diogenes Laertius even goes so far as to claim that Chilo was also the first person to introduce the custom of attaching ephors to kings as their advisors. [3]

Chilo is said to have helped overthrow the tyranny in Sikyon, which had become an ally of Sparta. He is also credited with changing Spartan politics leading to the development of the Peloponnesian League in the sixth century BC. [4] Another legend says that he died of joy when his son won the boxing prize at the Olympic Games, [5] and that his funeral was attended by all the Greeks who had gathered at the festival. [3]

One of his descendants married King Anaxandrides of Sparta and gave birth to a son, King Cleomenes I.

[edit] Family

Barracks life was typical for the Spartans. They had no special attachment to their family. Spartan women were much freer than in Greece in general. If in Athens the wife was at home and dressed modestly (free morals were allowed to heterosexuals and slaves), then in Sparta women were more independent. Greek lore, hostile to the Spartans, reported anecdotal stories that while Spartan men were fighting, their Spartan wives bore children by someone else, and that the Spartans kicked them out and they founded Tarentum in Italy. The free morals of Spartan women were such that it is even reported that open polyandry allegedly existed among them (specific historical examples of famous Spartan women do not confirm these legends). Although such legends should not be taken literally, it is still worth recognizing that Spartan women were much freer in their behavior than women of other policies. Other legends depict Spartan women as patriotic and strong women. The legend that the Spartans allegedly threw sick children off the cliff was not confirmed.

Sayings and teachings[edit]

Chilo of Sparta also said the famous ancient Greek proverb: "Το λακωνίζειν εστί φιλοσοφείν", in English "less is more", or "brevity is the soul of wit", or "brevity is the way of philosophy", which means The best way to become a philosopher is a shorthand description of the way of thinking and attitudes of the Spartans. Diogenes Laertius describes him as the author of elegiac verse and attributes many sayings to him: [3]

• "Don't speak evil of the dead."
• "Honor old age."
• “I prefer punishment to shameful gain, because one is painful only once, and the other is painful for a lifetime.”
• "Don't laugh at a person in trouble."
• “If someone is strong, be merciful so that his neighbors respect him and not fear him.”
• “Learn to manage your home well.”
• "Don't let your tongue get ahead of your feelings."
• "Contain your anger."
• “You shouldn’t dislike fortune telling.”
• "Don't wish for the impossible."
• “Take your time on the road.”
• "Obey the laws."

According to the inscription in the Bath of the Seven Wise Men at Ostia, “the cunning Chilo taught to fart quietly.” [6]

Pittacus (end)

Here are other sayings of Pittacus: return what is entrusted; do not speak evil of a friend, or even of an enemy; practice piety; love moderation; keep truth, loyalty, experience, dexterity, camaraderie, diligence. Here are a number of Pittacus' answers to popular questions. Question:

“What is blessed?”

Pittacus:

"Time".

Question:

"What's hidden?"

Pittacus:

"Future".

Question:

“What is reliable?”

Pittacus:

"Earth".

Question:

“What is unreliable?”

Pittacus:

"Sea".

Pittacus's most famous poems were:

“With a bow in our hands and a quiver full of arrows, Let’s go against our evil enemy: There is not a true word on his lips - There is a double thought in his soul.”

Pittacus died at a ripe old age, having lived more than seventy years. On his monument it was written:

“As an inconsolable mother weeps for her beloved son, Lesbos, pleasing to the gods, wept for you, Pittacus.”

The most famous saying of Pittacus was the following:

“Know the time for everything.”

To conclude my notes on Pittacus, I will cite a couple of surviving verses of Alcaeus against Pittacus:

“By the people's court you have given your poor Motherland, our ill-fated city, into the hands of - to whom? Homeland for stepson! Pittacus has become a tyrant, an enemy of the city, a degenerate of the homeland.”

Here are other verses of the same kind:

“Pittacus was not always a clear-headed beast and careless in mind. He swore to us, the leaders, laying his hand on the altar, and he himself was on the shore of the Evildoers of the homeland, and then only watched, lest the traitors reveal themselves to his long-time allies.”

But these are the poems of a political enemy, and Pittacus himself said:

“If people understood the difference between the impossible and the unusual, between what is contrary to nature and what is contrary to our ideas, then they would not fall into either credulity or distrust, but would observe the rule of Chilon: “Nothing in excess!”

Links[edit]

1. Herodotus, I. 59
2. Alcidamas ap. Aristotle, Ret.
   II. 23.11
3. ^ a b c
   Diogenes Laërtius, i. 68-73
4. Hammond, Gas Condensate and Scullard, H. H. (eds.) (1970). Oxford Classical Dictionary
   (p. 229). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869117-3.
5. Jump up
   ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed.
   (1911). "Chilon". Encyclopædia Britannica
   .
   6
   (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. paragraph 163.
6. Anne Olga Koloski-Ostrou, The Archeology of Sanitation in Roman Italy: Toilets, Sewers and Water Systems, University of North Carolina Press, 2015, p.115: in the original Latin "Vissire tacite Chilon document subdolus"

Sayings

He was distinguished by his reticence. Diogenes Laertius cites several of his wise sayings: “Restrain your tongue, especially at a feast”, “Either good things are said about the dead or nothing but the truth”, “Celebrate marriages without pomp”, “When you speak, do not wave your arms, this is a sign of madness”... His posthumous fame among the Hellenes was brought to him by the prophecy about the island of Cythera, located near the shores of Laconia. Having become acquainted with what he is, Chilo exclaimed: “It would be better for him not to arise, or, having arisen, to drown!” Chilo's fears were far from unfounded: later, during the Peloponnesian War, Nicias captured this island and installed an Athenian garrison there. From this island the Athenians inflicted great damage on the Spartans.

External links [edit]

• Laertius, Diogenes (1925). "Seven Wise Men: Chilo". Lives of Eminent Philosophers
  .
  eleven
  . Translated by Hicks, Robert Drew (two-volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library.

Excerpt characterizing Chilo

Read the mystical book I am sending you; it has been a huge success with us. Although there are things in it that are difficult for the weak human mind to understand, it is an excellent book; reading it calms and elevates the soul. Farewell. My respect to your father and my greetings to m lle Bourrienne. I hug you from the bottom of my heart. Julia. PS. Tell me about your brother and his lovely wife.] The princess thought, smiling thoughtfully (at which her face, illuminated by her radiant eyes, was completely transformed), and suddenly got up, walking heavily, and went to the table. She took out the paper, and her hand quickly began to walk over it. This is what she wrote in response: “Chere et excellente ami. Votre lettre du 13 m'a cause une grande joie. Vous m'aimez donc toujours, ma poetique Julie. L'absence, dont vous dites tant de mal, n'a donc pas eu son influencé habituelle sur vous. Vous vous plaignez de l'absence – que devrai je dire moi, si j'osais me plaindre, privee de tous ceux qui me sont chers? Ah l si nous n'avions pas la religion pour nous consoler, la vie serait bien triste. Pourquoi me supposez vous un regard severe, quand vous me parlez de votre affection pour le jeune homme? Sous ce rapport je ne suis rigide que pour moi. Je comprends ces sentiments chez les autres et si je ne puis approuver ne les ayant jamais ressentis, je ne les condamiene pas. Me parait seulement que l'amour chretien, l'amour du prochain, l'amour pour ses ennemis est plus meritoire, plus doux et plus beau, que ne le sont les sentiments que peuvent inspire les beaux yeux d'un jeune homme a une Jeune fille poetique et aimante comme vous.

Aphorisms of Spartan Chilo

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